A Monarchy motion in the Reichstag to substitute for the black-red-gold republican flag the old black-white-red colors of Imperial Germany was rejected. Apparently, this is only an academic defeat; ...

The flag of Europe still has twelve stars on it, and organizations with names like Eurogroup and European Commission and European Council still persist. But despite the unfortunate historical ...

The first modern German empire was announced by Otto von Bismarck at Versailles in 1871; it died on the Western Front in 1918. The second German empire was forged in a swift march of annexations and ...

Paul von Hindenburg swore eternal fealty to the Hohenzollern Crown—yet permitted himself to be elected President. Elected and reelected, he twice swore as President to preserve, protect and defend the ...