Differential pairs in high-speed serial links require tight control of impedance, skew, and coupling to limit reflections, mode conversion, and crosstalk. At multi-gigabit data rates, small deviations ...

A common joke in electronics is that every piece of wire and PCB trace is an antenna, with the only difference being whether this was intentional or not. In practical terms, low-frequency wiring is ...

The optical module offers an effective high-speed solution for a growing telecom market. Data rates range from 155 Mbps to 6 Gbps and even up to 10 Gbps. Transmitter optical sub-assemblies (TOSAs) and ...

It’s one thing to learn about transmission lines in theory, and quite another to watch a voltage pulse bounce off an open connector. [Alpha Phoenix] bridges the gap between knowledge and understanding ...

Impedance matching is easy if you know the basics. Download the eBook to find out how. During impedance matching, a specific electronic load (R L) is made to match a generator output impedance (R g) ...

The first case investigated had the following parameters: The parameters given above should correspond to a microstrip line with characteristic impedance, Z 0 of 50 Ω. Figure 2 shows the relationship ...

Impedance matching is easy if you know the basics. Download the eBook to find out how. The L-network is a real workhorse impedance-matching circuit (see “Back to Basics: Impedance Matching (Part 2)” ) ...