Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...

Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs) constitute a powerful framework where the solution is determined by a terminal condition and then propagated backwards in time. This innovative ...

The redesigned sequence separates linear algebra and differential equations into more specialized tracks while eliminating ...

Integral equations in various scientific theories and their relation to differential equations. Methods of solving linear problems with Hilbert Schmidt, Cauchy, and Wiener-Hopf type kernels; ...