The quarks, antiquarks, and gluons of the standard model have a color charge, in addition to all the other properties like mass and electric charge that other particles and antiparticles possess. All ...

Going to smaller and smaller distance scales reveals more fundamental views of nature, which means if we can understand and describe the smallest scales, we can build our way to an understanding of ...

We preselected all newsletters you had before unsubscribing.

The building blocks of matter that have been experimentally verified are the quarks and leptons described by the Standard Model. Since the discovery of the electron in 1897, physicists have identified ...

Building experimental evidence suggests that the electron, muon and tau may feel different forces. When the tau lepton was discovered in the 1970s, it didn’t resolve any outstanding mysteries—it ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

The Standard Model of particles and interactions is remarkably successful for a theory everyone knows is missing big pieces. It accounts for the everyday stuff we know like protons, neutrons, ...

“I was actually shaking,” said Mitesh Patel, a particle physicist at Imperial College, London, as he describes the moment he saw the results. “I realised this was probably the most exciting thing I’ve ...