The Izod impact test fixes one end of a notched specimen in a cantilever position by means of a vice. A striker on the arm of a pendulum or similar energy carrier then strikes the specimen. The energy ...

Heat treatment originated in the Bronze Age and was developed further for processing iron (blacksmithing) around 800 BC, reaching a first peak with the production of Damascus steel at the start of the ...

Prepare samples by coating, drying, etching, milling, polishing, and sectioning. The Leica CPD 030 Critical Point Dryer is a critical point drying device for biological and industrial samples. It uses ...

In the single-beam FIB, such as our Hitachi FB-2000A FIB, some milling will occur during observation of the specimen. Surface features, such as thin films, can be milled away during this process. In ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a very popular analysis tool for 3D surface topology visualization and other measurements on a wide range of materials at nanoscales ...

As a surface-sensitive technique, the diffraction signal comes from the top few nanometers of the crystal lattice in EBSD. Hence, the top layer needs to be devoid of oxidation, contamination and ...

Proper quality measures are vital in all areas of clinical laboratory testing to prevent or avoid carryover between samples, as well as to minimize the risk of false-positive results. The sample ...

Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) keeps giving—exploring the human genome and revolutionizing our knowledge of health and disease—it needs to take a little, too. At the very least, NGS ...