This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. The images above are simple cross sections of a typical spool valve (left) and a poppet valve (right). (Courtesy of ...

Determine forces on the valve spool to optimize solenoid size. Designers of spool-type, solenoid-operated hydraulic valves often face the vexing problem of increasing flow while shrinking the size of ...

Suspension damping technology has remained relatively unchanged for the past 100 years. Conventional dampers (known to the layperson as shock absorbers) work by forcing a piston through a chamber ...