The key shift in European security and defence is that cooperation has become more pragmatic, ad hoc, and diffuse, both in terms of institutional setup and leadership. At the same time, the balance of ...

The Ukrainian military situational awareness platform Delta (Дельта) is at the heart of this CSS report. Initially developed in 2015 by Aerorozvidka (Аеророзвідка – then military unit A2724), the ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

Gorana Grgić and Daniel Möckli place this year’s edition of Strategic Trends in the context of profound changes in the international order, characterized by shifting power balances, increasing rivalry ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

Welche Auswirkungen haben die Verschiebung der Machtverhältnisse, der Aufstieg des globalen Revisionismus und die schwelenden Konflikte auf die nationale Sicherheit? Welche Unterschiede gibt es ...

This book tries to answer the following seven questions: ...

In her new CSS Analysis, Gesine Weber examines how the EU has fundamentally revised its approach as a security actor by strengthening cooperation with external partners. The new Security and Defense ...

The proliferation of emerging technologies including drones, AI, hypersonic missiles, advanced communication networks, cyber, and space-based assets, is increasingly shaping contemporary conflicts.

Recent revelations of Chinese government-backed hacking show a recurring pattern: prominent hackers behind groups such as APT17, APT27, APT41, Flax Typhoon, and Red Hotel—monikers given by ...

Space systems are an integral part of modern war fighting. Militaries use them to conduct everything from reconnaissance to communications and data transfers, mission planning, and maintain ...

This paper aims to learn from community-led mediation processes to help international and local actors promote peace in more effective and legitimate ways. It provides a frank overview of the ...