Concrete only looks cheap because part of its cost is hidden. To produce cement, kilns operate above 1,000 °C and consume huge amounts of energy, supported by fossil fuel subsidies. The IMF estimates that if pollution, climate damage, and health impacts were included in the price, cement would become much more expensive — and in many projects it would stop being the “economic” option. This model also concentrates power. In Brazil, the sector has already been convicted for cartel practices after